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nightshade
2025-07-24 12:46:01 -05:00
committed by Nick Ricketts
commit 63a09758fe
75 changed files with 6508 additions and 0 deletions
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00_hello_text/main.c Normal file
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#include <mach.h>
config mach(){
return (config) {
.resources = {
{"home", "/", .mime = mime_txt,
.get = {
render(.template= "hello")
}
}
}
};
}

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<!-- Title -->
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<!-- Subtitle -->
<text x="460" y="58" text-anchor="middle" fill="#475569" font-size="10">request/task/cpu ratio configurable in compose.yml</text>
<!-- HTTP Clients -->
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<!-- Arrows from clients to request reactors -->
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<!-- ==================== REQUEST REACTORS ==================== -->
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<!-- Task DB -->
<rect x="20" y="410" width="110" height="44" rx="8" fill="#1e293b" stroke="#f59e0b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<text x="75" y="429" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fcd34d" font-size="11" font-weight="600">mach_tasks</text>
<text x="75" y="444" text-anchor="middle" fill="#94a3b8" font-size="10">database</text>
<!-- Arrows: task DB to/from task reactors -->
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<line x1="183" y1="437" x2="130" y2="437" stroke="#f59e0b" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#arrow-amber)"/>
<!-- ==================== SHARED THREAD POOL ==================== -->
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<text x="715" y="100" text-anchor="middle" fill="#34d399" font-size="12" font-weight="600" letter-spacing="0.5">SHARED THREAD POOL</text>
<text x="715" y="116" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6b7280" font-size="10">remaining cores</text>
<!-- Work queue label -->
<text x="715" y="140" text-anchor="middle" fill="#94a3b8" font-size="10">work queue</text>
<!-- Queue visualization -->
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<text x="625" y="247" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6ee7b7" font-size="11" font-weight="500">Thread 1</text>
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<text x="815" y="247" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6ee7b7" font-size="11" font-weight="500">Thread N</text>
<!-- Result return -->
<text x="715" y="298" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6b7280" font-size="10">on complete, resumes pipeline on reactor</text>
<!-- ==================== INVOKE ARROWS ==================== -->
<!-- Arrow from request reactors to pool -->
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<!-- Arrow from task reactors to pool -->
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<!-- ==================== TASK ARROWS ==================== -->
<!-- task() from request reactors to task DB -->
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<!-- task() from task reactors to task DB (self-enqueue) -->
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</svg>
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01_hello_world_text/main.c Normal file
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#include <mach.h>
config mach(){
return (config) {
.resources = {
{"home", "/", .mime = mime_txt,
.get = {
validate({"name",
.validation = "^\\S{1,16}$",
.fallback = "world",
.message = "must be 1-16 characters, no spaces"
}),
render(.template = "Hello {{name}}")
}
}
}
};
}

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<text x="650" y="113" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgba(255,255,255,0.65)" font-size="8">302 → /todos</text>
<!-- ===== Pipeline Context ===== -->
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<text x="64" y="170" fill="#6b7280" font-size="10" font-weight="600">PIPELINE CONTEXT</text>
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<text x="134" y="222" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6b7280" font-size="9">← session</text>
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<text x="294" y="206" text-anchor="middle" fill="#e2e8f0" font-size="11" font-weight="600">title</text>
<text x="294" y="222" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6b7280" font-size="9">← param</text>
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<text x="454" y="206" text-anchor="middle" fill="#e2e8f0" font-size="11" font-weight="600">todo</text>
<text x="454" y="222" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6b7280" font-size="9">← db .set</text>
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<text x="614" y="222" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6b7280" font-size="9">← .context</text>
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02_hello_world_html/main.c Normal file
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#include <mach.h>
config mach(){
return (config) {
.resources = {
{"home", "/",
.get = {
validate({"name",
.validation = "^\\S{1,16}$",
.fallback = "world",
.message = "must be 1-16 characters, no spaces"
}),
render(.template =
"<html>"
"<head></head>"
"<body>"
"<p>Hello {{name}}</p>"
"</body>"
"</html>"
)
}
}
}
};
}

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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 900 300" width="900" height="300">
<rect width="900" height="300" fill="#09080f"/>
<defs>
<linearGradient id="pubG" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
<stop offset="0%" stop-color="#f59e0b"/>
<stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d97706"/>
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<linearGradient id="subG" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
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<stop offset="100%" stop-color="#7c3aed"/>
</linearGradient>
<style>text{font-family:'JetBrains Mono','Fira Code',monospace}</style>
</defs>
<!-- ===== Publisher: todos module ===== -->
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<rect x="30" y="30" width="220" height="36" rx="12" fill="url(#pubG)"/>
<text x="140" y="53" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fff" font-size="12" font-weight="700">todos module</text>
<text x="50" y="86" fill="#fcd34d" font-size="10">.post pipeline:</text>
<text x="58" y="102" fill="#e2e8f0" font-size="10">param() → db()</text>
<text x="58" y="118" fill="#e2e8f0" font-size="10">→ emit("todo_created")</text>
<text x="58" y="134" fill="#e2e8f0" font-size="10">→ redirect("/todos")</text>
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<text x="140" y="201" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fcd34d" font-size="9">todo_created → user_id, title</text>
<!-- ===== Event Bus pill ===== -->
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<text x="400" y="145" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fff" font-size="11" font-weight="700">Event Bus</text>
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<polygon points="330,140 320,135 320,145" fill="#f59e0b"/>
<!-- ===== Subscriber 1: activity module ===== -->
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<rect x="570" y="20" width="300" height="36" rx="12" fill="url(#subG)"/>
<text x="720" y="43" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fff" font-size="12" font-weight="700">activity module</text>
<text x="595" y="74" fill="#67e8f9" font-size="10">.events:</text>
<text x="603" y="92" fill="#e2e8f0" font-size="9">"todo_created" → db(log.sql)</text>
<!-- Elbow: bus right → subscriber 1 -->
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<polygon points="570,70 560,65 560,75" fill="#06b6d4"/>
<!-- ===== Subscriber 2: notifications module ===== -->
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<rect x="570" y="160" width="300" height="36" rx="12" fill="url(#subG)"/>
<text x="720" y="183" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fff" font-size="12" font-weight="700">notifications module</text>
<text x="595" y="214" fill="#67e8f9" font-size="10">.events:</text>
<text x="603" y="232" fill="#e2e8f0" font-size="9">"todo_created" → call(notify)</text>
<!-- Elbow: bus right → subscriber 2 -->
<path d="M470,140 L525,140 L525,210 L560,210" stroke="#06b6d4" stroke-width="1.5" fill="none"/>
<polygon points="570,210 560,205 560,215" fill="#06b6d4"/>
<!-- Footer -->
<text x="450" y="290" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b" font-size="10">Modules are decoupled — publishers don't know about subscribers</text>
</svg>
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48
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#include <mach.h>
#include <sqlite.h>
config mach(){
return (config) {
.resources = {
{"home", "/",
.get = {
query({
.set_key = "greeting",
.db = "hello_db",
.query =
"select name "
"from greetings "
"limit 1;"
}),
render(.template =
"<html>"
"<body>"
"{{#greeting}}"
"<p>Hello {{name}}</p>"
"{{/greeting}}"
"</body>"
"</html>"
)
}
}
},
.databases = {{
.engine = sqlite_db,
.name = "hello_db",
.connect = "file:hello.db?mode=rwc",
.migrations = {
"CREATE TABLE greetings ("
"id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,"
"name TEXT NOT NULL"
");"
},
.seeds = {
"INSERT INTO greetings(name)"
"VALUES('World');"
}
}},
.modules = {sqlite}
};
}

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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 760 320" width="760" height="320">
<rect width="760" height="320" fill="#09080f"/>
<defs>
<style>text{font-family:'JetBrains Mono','Fira Code',monospace}</style>
</defs>
<!-- Level 1: Root Config — y=24 h=60 → bottom 84 -->
<rect x="40" y="24" width="680" height="60" rx="10" fill="#2d2640" stroke="#7c3aed" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<text x="380" y="50" text-anchor="middle" fill="#c084fc" font-size="12" font-weight="700">Root Config</text>
<text x="380" y="70" text-anchor="middle" fill="#94a3b8" font-size="10">.errors = { 404 → render 404.html }</text>
<!-- Gap: 84 → 118 (34px gap) -->
<!-- Level 2: Module Config — y=118 h=60 → bottom 178 -->
<rect x="120" y="118" width="520" height="60" rx="10" fill="#1e293b" stroke="#3b82f6" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="5,3"/>
<text x="380" y="144" text-anchor="middle" fill="#60a5fa" font-size="12" font-weight="700">Module Config</text>
<text x="380" y="164" text-anchor="middle" fill="#94a3b8" font-size="10">.errors = { ... }</text>
<!-- Gap: 178 → 212 (34px gap) -->
<!-- Level 3: Route — y=212 h=60 → bottom 272 -->
<rect x="200" y="212" width="360" height="60" rx="10" fill="#0c2d3e" stroke="#06b6d4" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="5,3"/>
<text x="380" y="238" text-anchor="middle" fill="#22d3ee" font-size="12" font-weight="700">Route /todos/:id</text>
<text x="380" y="258" text-anchor="middle" fill="#94a3b8" font-size="10">.errors = { ... }</text>
<!-- Error origin dot: y=296 -->
<circle cx="380" cy="296" r="10" fill="#ef4444" opacity="0.85"/>
<text x="380" y="300" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fff" font-size="10" font-weight="700">!</text>
<text x="400" y="300" fill="#fca5a5" font-size="10"> 404 raised in pipeline step</text>
<!-- Arrow 1: error dot (286) → route bottom (272). Line + up triangle -->
<line x1="380" y1="286" x2="380" y2="275" stroke="#ef4444" stroke-width="2"/>
<polygon points="380,272 375,279 385,279" fill="#ef4444"/>
<!-- Arrow 2: route top (212) → module bottom (178). Line in gap + up triangle -->
<line x1="380" y1="212" x2="380" y2="181" stroke="#ef4444" stroke-width="2"/>
<polygon points="380,178 375,185 385,185" fill="#ef4444"/>
<!-- Label -->
<text x="400" y="200" fill="#6b7280" font-size="9">no 404 handler → bubble up</text>
<!-- Arrow 3: module top (118) → root bottom (84). Line in gap + up triangle -->
<line x1="380" y1="118" x2="380" y2="87" stroke="#ef4444" stroke-width="2"/>
<polygon points="380,84 375,91 385,91" fill="#ef4444"/>
<!-- Label -->
<text x="400" y="106" fill="#22c55e" font-size="9" font-weight="600">✓ matched → render 404.html</text>
</svg>
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5
04_todo/404.mustache.html Normal file
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{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<p>not found</p>
{{/body}}
{{/layout}}

5
04_todo/5xx.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<p>error</p>
{{/body}}
{{/layout}}

5
04_todo/about.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<p>about us</p>
{{/body}}
{{/layout}}

5
04_todo/contact.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<p>contact us</p>
{{/body}}
{{/layout}}

2
04_todo/create_todo.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
insert into todos(user_id, title)
values({{user_id}}, {{title}});

7
04_todo/create_todos_table.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS todos (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
title TEXT NOT NULL,
finished INTEGER CHECK(finished IN (1))
);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_todos_user_id ON todos(user_id);

3
04_todo/delete_todo.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
delete from todos
where user_id = {{user_id}}
and id = {{id}};

3
04_todo/get_todos.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
select id, title, finished
from todos
where user_id = {{user_id}};

5
04_todo/home.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<p>home</p>
{{/body}}
{{/layout}}

23
04_todo/layout.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
<html>
<head>
<link rel='icon' href='{{asset:favicon.png}}'>
</head>
<body>
<p>
{{^user}}
<a href='{{url:login}}'>sign in</a>
{{/user}}
{{#user}}
welcome, {{short_name}}
{{/user}}
</p>
<nav>
<a href='{{url:home}}'>home</a>
<a href='{{url:about}}'>about us</a>
<a href='{{url:contact}}'>contact us</a>
<a href='{{url:todos}}'>todos</a>
</nav>
{{$body}}
{{/body}}
</body>
</html>

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#include <mach.h>
#include <sqlite.h>
#include <session_auth.h>
config mach(){
return (config) {
.resources = {
{"home", "/", {session()},
.get = {
render("home")
}
},
{"about", "/about", {session()},
.get = {
render("about")
}
},
{"contact", "/contact", {session()},
.get = {
render("contact")
}
},
{"todos", "/todos", {logged_in()},
.get = {
query({"get_todos",
.set_key = "todos",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
render("todos")
},
.post = {
validate({"title",
.validation = "^\\S{1,16}$",
.message = "must be 1-16 characters, no spaces"
}),
query({"create_todo",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
redirect("todos")
}
},
{"todo", "/todos/:id", {
logged_in(),
validate({"id",
.validation = "^\\d{1,10}$",
.message = "must be between 1-9999999999"
})},
.patch = {
validate({"finished",
.optional = true,
.validation = "1",
.message = "must be 1"
}),
find({"update_todo",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
redirect("todos")
},
.delete = {
find({"delete_todo",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
redirect("todos")
}
}
},
.errors = {
{http_error, {
render("5xx")
}},
{http_not_found, {
render("404")
}}
},
.context = {
{"layout", (asset){
#embed "layout.mustache.html"
}},
{"home", (asset){
#embed "home.mustache.html"
}},
{"about", (asset){
#embed "about.mustache.html"
}},
{"contact", (asset){
#embed "contact.mustache.html"
}},
{"5xx", (asset){
#embed "5xx.mustache.html"
}},
{"404", (asset){
#embed "404.mustache.html"
}},
{"todos", (asset){
#embed "todos.mustache.html"
}},
{"get_todos", (asset){
#embed "get_todos.sql"
}},
{"create_todo", (asset){
#embed "create_todo.sql"
}},
{"update_todo", (asset){
#embed "update_todo.sql"
}},
{"delete_todo", (asset){
#embed "delete_todo.sql"
}}
},
.databases = {{
.engine = sqlite_db,
.name = "todos_db",
.connect = "file:{{user_id}}_todo.db?mode=rwc",
.migrations = {(asset){
#embed "create_todos_table.sql"
}}
}},
.modules = {sqlite, session_auth}
};
}

0
04_todo/public/favicon.png Normal file
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32
04_todo/todos.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<form action="{{url:todos}}" method="post">
<input type="text" name="title" placeholder="new todo" required>
<button type="submit">add</button>
</form>
{{^todos}}
<p>no todos</p>
{{/todos}}
{{#todos}}
{{#.}}
<div>
<form action="{{url:todo:id}}" method="post" style="display:inline">
<input type="hidden" name="http_method" value="patch">
{{^finished}}
<input type="checkbox" name="finished" value="1">
{{/finished}}
{{#finished}}
<input type="checkbox" name="finished" value="1" checked>
{{/finished}}
{{title}}
<button type="submit">save</button>
</form>
<form action="{{url:todo:id}}" method="post" style="display:inline">
<input type="hidden" name="http_method" value="delete">
<button type="submit">delete</button>
</form>
</div>
{{/.}}
{{/todos}}
{{/body}}
{{/layout}}

4
04_todo/update_todo.sql Normal file
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update todos
set finished = {{finished}}
where user_id = {{user_id}}
and id = {{id}};

58
05-app-composition-tree.svg Normal file
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 760 270" width="760" height="270">
<rect width="760" height="270" fill="#09080f"/>
<defs>
<linearGradient id="rG" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
<stop offset="0%" stop-color="#a855f7"/>
<stop offset="100%" stop-color="#7c3aed"/>
</linearGradient>
<linearGradient id="mG" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
<stop offset="0%" stop-color="#3b82f6"/>
<stop offset="100%" stop-color="#2563eb"/>
</linearGradient>
<style>text{font-family:'JetBrains Mono','Fira Code',monospace}</style>
</defs>
<!-- Root node: x=290 y=20 w=180 h=44 → center 380, bottom 64 -->
<rect x="290" y="20" width="180" height="44" rx="10" fill="url(#rG)"/>
<text x="380" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fff" font-size="12" font-weight="700">mach() — root</text>
<!-- Elbow connectors: root bottom center → down to 82 → horizontal → down to child tops at 108 -->
<!-- Vertical trunk from root -->
<line x1="380" y1="64" x2="380" y2="82" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<!-- Horizontal bar -->
<line x1="130" y1="82" x2="630" y2="82" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<!-- Vertical drops to each child -->
<line x1="130" y1="82" x2="130" y2="108" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<line x1="380" y1="82" x2="380" y2="108" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<line x1="630" y1="82" x2="630" y2="108" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<!-- Level 1: each w=170 h=40, top at y=108 → bottom at 148 -->
<rect x="45" y="108" width="170" height="40" rx="8" fill="url(#mG)"/>
<text x="130" y="133" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fff" font-size="11" font-weight="600">sqlite_config()</text>
<rect x="295" y="108" width="170" height="40" rx="8" fill="url(#mG)"/>
<text x="380" y="133" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fff" font-size="11" font-weight="600">todos_config()</text>
<rect x="545" y="108" width="170" height="40" rx="8" fill="url(#mG)"/>
<text x="630" y="133" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fff" font-size="11" font-weight="600">auth_config()</text>
<!-- Elbow connectors: todos bottom center → down to 162 → horizontal → down to leaf tops at 178 -->
<line x1="380" y1="148" x2="380" y2="162" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1"/>
<line x1="260" y1="162" x2="500" y2="162" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1"/>
<line x1="260" y1="162" x2="260" y2="178" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1"/>
<line x1="500" y1="162" x2="500" y2="178" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1"/>
<!-- Level 2 leaf nodes: w=170 h=64, top at y=178 -->
<rect x="175" y="178" width="170" height="64" rx="8" fill="#0f0d1a" stroke="#10b981" stroke-width="1"/>
<text x="260" y="200" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6ee7b7" font-size="10">.databases</text>
<text x="260" y="216" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6ee7b7" font-size="10">.resources</text>
<text x="260" y="232" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6ee7b7" font-size="10">.events</text>
<rect x="415" y="178" width="170" height="64" rx="8" fill="#0f0d1a" stroke="#10b981" stroke-width="1"/>
<text x="500" y="200" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6ee7b7" font-size="10">.publishes</text>
<text x="500" y="216" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6ee7b7" font-size="10">.context</text>
<text x="500" y="232" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6ee7b7" font-size="10">.errors</text>
<!-- Footer -->
<text x="380" y="262" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b" font-size="10">First registration wins — root can override module defaults</text>
</svg>
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5
05_todo_sse_datastar/404.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<p>not found</p>
{{/body}}
{{/layout}}

5
05_todo_sse_datastar/5xx.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<p>error</p>
{{/body}}
{{/layout}}

5
05_todo_sse_datastar/about.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<p>about us</p>
{{/body}}
{{/layout}}

5
05_todo_sse_datastar/contact.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<p>contact us</p>
{{/body}}
{{/layout}}

3
05_todo_sse_datastar/create_todo.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
insert into todos(user_id, title)
values({{user_id}}, {{title}})
returning id, title, finished;

7
05_todo_sse_datastar/create_todos_table.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS todos (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
title TEXT NOT NULL,
finished INTEGER CHECK(finished IN (1))
);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_todos_user_id ON todos(user_id);

4
05_todo_sse_datastar/delete_todo.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
delete from todos
where user_id = {{user_id}}
and id = {{id}}
returning id;

3
05_todo_sse_datastar/get_todos.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
select id, title, finished
from todos
where user_id = {{user_id}};

5
05_todo_sse_datastar/home.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<p>home</p>
{{/body}}
{{/layout}}

25
05_todo_sse_datastar/layout.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
<html>
<head>
<link rel='icon' href='{{asset:favicon.png}}'>
{{$head}}
{{/head}}
</head>
<body>
<p>
{{^user}}
<a href='{{url:login}}'>sign in</a>
{{/user}}
{{#user}}
welcome, {{short_name}}
{{/user}}
</p>
<nav>
<a href='{{url:home}}'>home</a>
<a href='{{url:about}}'>about us</a>
<a href='{{url:contact}}'>contact us</a>
<a href='{{url:todos}}'>todos</a>
</nav>
{{$body}}
{{/body}}
</body>
</html>

151
05_todo_sse_datastar/main.c Normal file
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#include <mach.h>
#include <sqlite.h>
#include <datastar.h>
#include <session_auth.h>
config mach(){
return (config) {
.resources = {
{"home", "/", {session()},
.get = {
render("home")
}
},
{"about", "/about", {session()},
.get = {
render("about")
}
},
{"contact", "/contact", {session()},
.get = {
render("contact")
}
},
{"todos", "/todos", {logged_in()},
.sse = {"todos:{{user_id}}"},
.get = {
query({"get_todos",
.set_key = "todos",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
render("todos")
},
.post = {
validate({"title",
.validation = "^\\S{1,16}$",
.message = "must be 1-16 characters, no spaces"
}),
query({"create_todo",
.set_key = "todo",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
ds_sse("todos:{{user_id}}",
.target = "todos",
.mode = mode_prepend,
.elements = {"todo"}
)
}
},
{"todo", "/todos/:id", {
logged_in(),
validate({"id",
.validation = "^\\d{1,10}$",
.message = "must be between 1-9999999999"
})},
.patch = {
validate({"finished",
.optional = true,
.validation = "1",
.message = "must be 1"
}),
find({"update_todo",
.set_key = "todo",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
ds_sse("todos:{{user_id}}",
.target = "todo_{{id}}",
.mode = mode_replace,
.elements = {"todo"}
)
},
.delete = {
find({"delete_todo",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
ds_sse("todos:{{user_id}}",
.target = "todo_{{id}}",
.mode = mode_remove
)
}
}
},
.errors = {
{http_error, {
render("5xx")
}},
{http_not_found, {
render("404")
}}
},
.context = {
{"layout", (asset){
#embed "layout.mustache.html"
}},
{"home", (asset){
#embed "home.mustache.html"
}},
{"about", (asset){
#embed "about.mustache.html"
}},
{"contact", (asset){
#embed "contact.mustache.html"
}},
{"5xx", (asset){
#embed "5xx.mustache.html"
}},
{"404", (asset){
#embed "404.mustache.html"
}},
{"todos", (asset){
#embed "todos.mustache.html"
}},
{"todo", (asset){
#embed "todo.mustache.html"
}},
{"get_todos", (asset){
#embed "get_todos.sql"
}},
{"create_todo", (asset){
#embed "create_todo.sql"
}},
{"update_todo", (asset){
#embed "update_todo.sql"
}},
{"delete_todo", (asset){
#embed "delete_todo.sql"
}}
},
.databases = {{
.engine = sqlite_db,
.name = "todos_db",
.connect = "file:todo.db?mode=rwc",
.migrations = {(asset){
#embed "create_todos_table.sql"
}}
}},
.modules = {sqlite, datastar, session_auth}
};
}

0
05_todo_sse_datastar/public/favicon.png Normal file
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10
05_todo_sse_datastar/todo.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
<div id="todo_{{id}}">
{{^finished}}
<input type="checkbox" data-on:click__prevent="@patch('{{url:todo:id}}?finished=1')">
{{/finished}}
{{#finished}}
<input type="checkbox" checked data-on:click__prevent="@patch('{{url:todo:id}}')">
{{/finished}}
{{title}}
<button data-on:click="@delete('{{url:todo:id}}')">delete</button>
</div>

21
05_todo_sse_datastar/todos.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
{{< layout}}
{{$head}}
{{> datastar_script }}
{{/head}}
{{$body}}
<input type="text" placeholder="new todo" data-bind:title
data-on:keydown="evt.key === 'Enter' && @post('{{utl:todos}}') && ($title = '');"
>
<button data-on:click="@post('{{url:todos}}') && ($title = '')">add</button>
<div id="todos" data-init="@get('{{url:todos}}?http_method=sse')">
{{^todos}}
<p>no todos</p>
{{/todos}}
{{#todos}}
{{#.}}
{{> todo}}
{{/.}}
{{/todos}}
</div>
{{/body}}
{{/layout}}

5
05_todo_sse_datastar/update_todo.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
update todos
set finished = {{finished}}
where user_id = {{user_id}}
and id = {{id}}
returning id, title, finished;

52
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@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 760 360" width="760" height="360">
<rect width="760" height="360" fill="#09080f"/>
<defs>
<style>text{font-family:'JetBrains Mono','Fira Code',monospace}</style>
</defs>
<!-- Outermost: Global .before / .after -->
<rect x="30" y="20" width="700" height="310" rx="14" fill="#1a1328" stroke="#7c3aed" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<text x="50" y="46" fill="#c084fc" font-size="11" font-weight="700">Global .before</text>
<text x="50" y="62" fill="#9580b8" font-size="9">session()</text>
<text x="610" y="46" fill="#c084fc" font-size="11" font-weight="700">Global .after</text>
<text x="610" y="62" fill="#9580b8" font-size="9">call(log_request)</text>
<!-- Middle: Resource .before / .after -->
<rect x="60" y="78" width="640" height="230" rx="12" fill="#111827" stroke="#3b82f6" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<text x="80" y="102" fill="#60a5fa" font-size="11" font-weight="700">Resource .before</text>
<text x="80" y="118" fill="#7b9ec9" font-size="9">logged_in()</text>
<text x="570" y="102" fill="#60a5fa" font-size="11" font-weight="700">Resource .after</text>
<!-- Inner: Route pipeline -->
<rect x="90" y="134" width="580" height="152" rx="10" fill="#0f0d1a" stroke="#06b6d4" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<text x="110" y="158" fill="#22d3ee" font-size="11" font-weight="700">Route Pipeline — POST /todos</text>
<!-- Steps inside route -->
<rect x="110" y="172" width="100" height="36" rx="6" fill="#1e293b" stroke="#3b82f6" stroke-width="0.75"/>
<text x="160" y="194" text-anchor="middle" fill="#93c5fd" font-size="10" font-weight="600">param()</text>
<line x1="210" y1="190" x2="228" y2="190" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<polygon points="238,190 228,185 228,195" fill="#64748b"/>
<rect x="238" y="172" width="100" height="36" rx="6" fill="#1e293b" stroke="#8b5cf6" stroke-width="0.75"/>
<text x="288" y="194" text-anchor="middle" fill="#c4b5fd" font-size="10" font-weight="600">db()</text>
<line x1="338" y1="190" x2="356" y2="190" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<polygon points="366,190 356,185 356,195" fill="#64748b"/>
<rect x="366" y="172" width="100" height="36" rx="6" fill="#1e293b" stroke="#f59e0b" stroke-width="0.75"/>
<text x="416" y="194" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fcd34d" font-size="10" font-weight="600">emit()</text>
<line x1="466" y1="190" x2="484" y2="190" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<polygon points="494,190 484,185 484,195" fill="#64748b"/>
<rect x="494" y="172" width="100" height="36" rx="6" fill="#1e293b" stroke="#10b981" stroke-width="0.75"/>
<text x="544" y="194" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6ee7b7" font-size="10" font-weight="600">redirect()</text>
<!-- Route .before / .after labels -->
<text x="110" y="244" fill="#22d3ee" font-size="9">Route .before runs first inside this scope</text>
<text x="110" y="260" fill="#22d3ee" font-size="9">Route .after runs last inside this scope</text>
<!-- Execution order arrows at bottom -->
<text x="380" y="348" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b" font-size="10">Execution order: global .before → resource .before → route pipeline → resource .after → global .after</text>
</svg>
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52
06_todo_events/activity/activity.c Normal file
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#include <mach.h>
#include <sqlite.h>
#include <session_auth.h>
config activity(){
return (config) {
.name = "activity",
.resources = {
{"activity", "/activity", {logged_in()},
.get = {
query({"get_activities",
.set_key = "activity",
.db = "activity_db"
}),
render("activity")
}
}
},
.context = {
{"activity", (asset){
#embed "activity.mustache.html"
}},
{"get_activities", (asset){
#embed "get_activities.sql"
}},
{"insert_activity", (asset){
#embed "insert_activity.sql"
}}
},
.events = {
{"todo_created", {
query({"insert_activity",
.db = "activity_db"
})
}}
},
.databases = {{
.name = "activity_db",
.engine = sqlite_db,
.connect = "file:activity.db?mode=rwc",
.migrations = {(asset){
#embed "create_activity_table.sql"
}}
}},
.modules = {sqlite, session_auth}
};
}

13
06_todo_events/activity/activity.mustache.html Normal file
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{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
{{^activity}}
<p>no activity</p>
{{/activity}}
{{#activity}}
<p>activity</p>
{{#.}}
<p>{{action}}: {{title}} ({{created_at}})</p>
{{/.}}
{{/activity}}
{{/body}}
{{/layout}}

8
06_todo_events/activity/create_activity_table.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS activity (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
action TEXT NOT NULL,
title TEXT NOT NULL,
created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_activity_user_id ON activity(user_id);

5
06_todo_events/activity/get_activities.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
select action, title, created_at
from activity
where user_id = {{user_id}}
order by created_at desc
limit 50;

2
06_todo_events/activity/insert_activity.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
insert into activity(user_id, action, title)
values({{user_id}}, 'created', {{title}});

43
06_todo_events/main.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
#include <mach.h>
#include <session_auth.h>
#include "todos/todos.c"
#include "activity/activity.c"
config mach(){
return (config) {
.resources = {
{"home", "/", {session()},
.get = {
render("home")
}
}
},
.errors = {
{http_error, {
render("5xx")
}},
{http_not_found, {
render("404")
}}
},
.context = {
{"layout", (asset){
#embed "static/layout.mustache.html"
}},
{"home", (asset){
#embed "static/home.mustache.html"
}},
{"5xx", (asset){
#embed "static/5xx.mustache.html"
}},
{"404", (asset){
#embed "static/404.mustache.html"
}}
},
.modules = {todos, activity, session_auth}
};
}

0
06_todo_events/public/favicon.png Normal file
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5
06_todo_events/static/404.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<p>not found</p>
{{/body}}
{{/layout}};

5
06_todo_events/static/5xx.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<p>error</p>
{{/body}}
{{/layout}};

5
06_todo_events/static/home.mustache.html Normal file
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{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<p>home</p>
{{/body}}
{{/layout}};

20
06_todo_events/static/layout.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
<html>
<head>
<link rel='icon' href='/favicon.png'>
</head>
<body>
<p>
{{^user}}
<a href='/login'>sign in</a>
{{/user}}
{{#user}}
welcome, {{short_name}}
{{/user}}
</p>
<nav>
<a href='/'>home</a>
</nav>
{{$body}}
{{/body}}
</body>
</html>

2
06_todo_events/todos/create_todo.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
insert into todos(user_id, title)
values({{user_id}}, {{title}});

7
06_todo_events/todos/create_todos_table.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS todos (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
title TEXT NOT NULL,
finished INTEGER CHECK(finished IN (1))
);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_todos_user_id ON todos(user_id);

3
06_todo_events/todos/delete_todo.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
delete from todos
where user_id = {{user_id}}
and id = {{id}};

3
06_todo_events/todos/get_todos.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
select id, title, finished
from todos
where user_id = {{user_id}};

98
06_todo_events/todos/todos.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
#include <mach.h>
#include <sqlite.h>
#include <session_auth.h>
config todos(){
return (config) {
.name = "todos",
.resources = {
{"todos", "/todos", {logged_in()},
.get = {
query({"get_todos",
.set_key = "todos",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
render("todos")
},
.post = {
validate({"title",
.validation = "^\\S{1,16}$",
.message = "must be 1-16 characters, no spaces"
}),
query({"create_todo",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
emit("todo_created"),
redirect("todos")
}
},
{"todo", "/todos/:id", {
logged_in(),
validate({"id",
.validation = "^\\d{1,10}$",
.message = "must be between 1-9999999999"
})},
.patch = {
validate({"finished",
.optional = true,
.validation = "1",
.message = "must be 1"
}),
find({"update_todo",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
redirect("todos")
},
.delete = {
find({"delete_todo",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
redirect("todos")
}
}
},
.context = {
{"todos", (asset){
#embed "todos.mustache.html"
}},
{"get_todos", (asset){
#embed "get_todos.sql"
}},
{"create_todos", (asset){
#embed "create_todo.sql"
}},
{"update_todo", (asset){
#embed "update_todo.sql"
}},
{"delete_todo", (asset){
#embed "delete_todo.sql"
}}
},
.publishes = {
{"todo_created",
.with = {
"user_id",
"title"
}
}
},
.databases = {{
.engine = sqlite_db,
.name = "todos_db",
.connect = "file:todo.db?mode=rwc",
.migrations = {(asset){
#embed "create_todos_table.sql"
}}
}},
.modules = {sqlite, session_auth}
};
}

32
06_todo_events/todos/todos.mustache.html Normal file
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{{< layout}}
{{$body}}
<form action="{{url:todos}}" method="post">
<input type="text" name="title" placeholder="new todo" required>
<button type="submit">add</button>
</form>
{{^todos}}
<p>no todos</p>
{{/todos}}
{{#todos}}
{{#.}}
<div>
<form action="{{url:todo:id}}" method="post" style="display:inline">
<input type="hidden" name="http_method" value="patch">
{{^finished}}
<input type="checkbox" name="finished" value="1">
{{/finished}}
{{#finished}}
<input type="checkbox" name="finished" value="1" checked>
{{/finished}}
{{title}}
<button type="submit">save</button>
</form>
<form action="{{url:todo:id}}" method="post" style="display:inline">
<input type="hidden" name="http_method" value="delete">
<button type="submit">delete</button>
</form>
</div>
{{/.}}
{{/todos}}
{{/body}}
{{/layout}}

4
06_todo_events/todos/update_todo.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
update todos
set finished = {{finished}}
where user_id = {{user_id}}
and id = {{id}};

50
07-context-scoping.svg Normal file
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 760 360" width="760" height="360">
<rect width="760" height="360" fill="#09080f"/>
<defs>
<style>text{font-family:'JetBrains Mono','Fira Code',monospace}</style>
</defs>
<!-- Outermost: Global .context -->
<rect x="30" y="20" width="700" height="310" rx="14" fill="#1a1328" stroke="#7c3aed" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<text x="50" y="46" fill="#c084fc" font-size="11" font-weight="700">Global .context</text>
<text x="50" y="62" fill="#9580b8" font-size="9">base_layout, site_name</text>
<!-- Middle: Resource .context -->
<rect x="60" y="78" width="640" height="230" rx="12" fill="#111827" stroke="#3b82f6" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<text x="80" y="102" fill="#60a5fa" font-size="11" font-weight="700">Resource .context</text>
<text x="80" y="118" fill="#7b9ec9" font-size="9">layout, sidebar</text>
<!-- Inner: Route pipeline -->
<rect x="90" y="134" width="580" height="152" rx="10" fill="#0f0d1a" stroke="#06b6d4" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<text x="110" y="158" fill="#22d3ee" font-size="11" font-weight="700">Route Pipeline — GET /todos</text>
<!-- Steps inside route -->
<rect x="110" y="172" width="120" height="36" rx="6" fill="#1e293b" stroke="#8b5cf6" stroke-width="0.75"/>
<text x="170" y="194" text-anchor="middle" fill="#c4b5fd" font-size="10" font-weight="600">db() → todos</text>
<line x1="230" y1="190" x2="258" y2="190" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<polygon points="268,190 258,185 258,195" fill="#64748b"/>
<rect x="268" y="172" width="120" height="36" rx="6" fill="#1e293b" stroke="#f59e0b" stroke-width="0.75"/>
<text x="328" y="194" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fcd34d" font-size="10" font-weight="600">call() → count</text>
<line x1="388" y1="190" x2="416" y2="190" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<polygon points="426,190 416,185 416,195" fill="#64748b"/>
<rect x="426" y="172" width="120" height="36" rx="6" fill="#1e293b" stroke="#10b981" stroke-width="0.75"/>
<text x="486" y="194" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6ee7b7" font-size="10" font-weight="600">render()</text>
<!-- Available context note -->
<text x="110" y="237" fill="#22d3ee" font-size="9">render() sees: base_layout, site_name, layout, sidebar, todos, count</text>
<text x="110" y="253" fill="#22d3ee" font-size="9">Context merges top-down; first named registration wins</text>
<!-- Cascade arrows on the left side -->
<line x1="42" y1="68" x2="42" y2="78" stroke="#7c3aed" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3,2"/>
<polygon points="42,84 38,76 46,76" fill="#7c3aed"/>
<line x1="72" y1="124" x2="72" y2="134" stroke="#3b82f6" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3,2"/>
<polygon points="72,140 68,132 76,132" fill="#3b82f6"/>
<!-- Bottom summary -->
<text x="380" y="348" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b" font-size="10">Context cascades: global .context → resource .context → pipeline steps add to context → render() merges all</text>
</svg>
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1
07_roundest_pokemon_htmx/README.md Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
compare to https://github.com/t3dotgg/1app5stacks

7
07_roundest_pokemon_htmx/create_pokemons_table.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pokemons (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
name TEXT NOT NULL,
sprite TEXT NOT NULL,
wins INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
loses INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);

4
07_roundest_pokemon_htmx/get_challengers.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
select id, name, sprite
from pokemons
order by random()
limit 2;

5
07_roundest_pokemon_htmx/get_results.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
select id, name, sprite, wins, loses,
cast(wins as real) / nullif(loses, 0) as ratio_of_wins_to_loses,
row_number() over (order by (cast(wins as real) / nullif(loses, 0)) desc) as rank
from pokemons
order by ratio_of_wins_to_loses desc;

53
07_roundest_pokemon_htmx/home.mustache.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Roundest (MaCH Version)</title>
{{> htmx_script}}
{{> tailwind_script}}
</head>
<body hx-boost='true'>
<div class='bg-gray-950 text-white flex flex-col justify-between font-geist min-h-screen border-t-2 border-red-300'>
<nav class='flex flex-row justify-between items-center py-4 px-8'>
<div class='flex items-baseline'>
<a href='{{url:home}}' class='font-bold text-3xl'>
Round<span class='text-red-300'>est</span>
</a>
<p class='text-gray-400 font-extralight pl-2 text-2xl'>
(MaCH Version)
</p>
</div>
<div class='flex flex-row items-center gap-8'>
<a href='{{url:results}}' class='hover:underline text-lg'>Results</a>
</div>
</nav>
<main>
{{$body}}
<div class='container mx-auto px-4'>
<h1 class='text-3xl font-bold text-center mb-8'>Vote for which is roundest</h1>
<div class='flex justify-center gap-16 items-center min-h-[80vh]'>
{{#challengers}}
<form action='{{url:home}}' method='post'>
<div class='flex flex-col items-center gap-4'>
<img src='{{sprite}}' alt='{{name}}' class='w-64 h-64 sprite'>
<div class='text-center'>
<span class='text-gray-500 text-lg'>#{{id}}</span>
<h2 class='text-2xl font-bold capitalize'>{{name}}</h2>
<input type='hidden' name='winner' value='{{id}}'>
<input type='hidden' name='loser' value='{{opponent_id}}'>
<button class='mt-4 px-8 py-3 bg-blue-500 text-white rounded-lg text-lg font-semibold hover:bg-blue-600 transition-colors'>
Vote
</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
{{/challengers}}
</div>
</div>
{{/body}}
</main>
<footer class='font-light text-center py-3 text-gray-500'>
<a href='https://code.nightshadecoder.dev/nightshade/mach_examples' target='_blank'>GitHub</a>
</footer>
</div>
</body>
</html>

83
07_roundest_pokemon_htmx/main.c Normal file
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#include <mach.h>
#include <htmx.h>
#include <sqlite.h>
#include <tailwind.h>
config mach(){
return (config) {
.resources = {
{"home", "/",
.get = {
query({"get_challengers",
.set_key = "challengers",
.db = "pokemon_db"
}),
exec(^(){
auto const t = get("challengers");
auto const p0 = table_get(t, 0);
auto const p1 = table_get(t, 1);
record_set(p0, "opponent_id", record_get(p1, "id"));
record_set(p1, "opponent_id", record_get(p0, "id"));
}),
render("home")
},
.post = {
validate(
{"winner",
.validation = "^\\d{1,8}$",
.message = "must be 1-99999999"
},
{"loser",
.validation = "^\\d{1,8}$",
.message = "must be 1-99999999"
}
),
find({"vote",
.db = "pokemon_db"
}),
reroute("home")
}
},
{"result", "/results",
.get = {
query({"get_results",
.set_key = "results",
.db = "pokemon_db"
}),
render("results")
}
}
},
.context = {
{"home", (asset){
#embed "home.mustache.html"
}},
{"results", (asset){
#embed "results.mustache.html"
}},
{"get_challengers", (asset){
#embed "get_challengers.sql"
}},
{"vote", (asset){
#embed "vote.sql"
}},
{"get_results", (asset){
#embed "get_results.sql"
}}
},
.databases = {{
.name = "pokemon_db",
.engine = sqlite_db,
.connect = "file::memory:?cache=shared",
.migrations = {(asset){
#embed "create_pokemons_table.sql"
}}
}},
.modules = {htmx, sqlite, tailwind}
};
}

28
07_roundest_pokemon_htmx/results.mustache.html Normal file
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{{< home}}
{{$body}}
<div class='container mx-auto px-4 py-8 text-white'>
<div class='grid gap-4'>
{{#results}}
<div class='flex items-center gap-6 p-6 bg-gray-800/40 rounded-lg shadow hover:shadow-md transition-shadow'>
<div class='text-2xl font-bold text-gray-400 w-8'>
{{rank}}
</div>
<img src='{{sprite}}' alt='{{name}}' loading='lazy' class='w-20 h-20'>
<div class='flex-grow'>
<div class='text-gray-400 text-sm'>#{{id}}</div>
<h2 class='text-xl font-semibold capitalize'>{{name}}</h2>
</div>
<div class='text-right'>
<div class='text-2xl font-bold text-blue-400'>
{{ratio_of_wins_to_loses}}
</div>
<div class='text-sm text-gray-400'>
{{wins}}W - {{loses}}L
</div>
</div>
</div>
{{/results}}
</div>
</div>
{{/body}}
{{/home}}

8
07_roundest_pokemon_htmx/vote.sql Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
begin transaction;
update pokemons
set wins = wins + 1
where id = {{winner}};
update pokemons
set loses = loses + 1
where id = {{loser}};
commit;

96
08-sse-datastar-flow.svg Normal file
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 760 400" width="760" height="400">
<rect width="760" height="400" fill="#09080f"/>
<defs>
<linearGradient id="clientG" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
<stop offset="0%" stop-color="#06b6d4"/>
<stop offset="100%" stop-color="#0891b2"/>
</linearGradient>
<linearGradient id="serverG" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
<stop offset="0%" stop-color="#8b5cf6"/>
<stop offset="100%" stop-color="#7c3aed"/>
</linearGradient>
<linearGradient id="chanG" x1="0" y1="0" x2="1" y2="0">
<stop offset="0%" stop-color="#f59e0b"/>
<stop offset="50%" stop-color="#fbbf24"/>
<stop offset="100%" stop-color="#f59e0b"/>
</linearGradient>
<style>text{font-family:'JetBrains Mono','Fira Code',monospace}</style>
</defs>
<text x="380" y="28" text-anchor="middle" fill="#e2e8f0" font-size="13" font-weight="700">SSE / Datastar — Real-Time Push</text>
<!-- ===== Left: Client A (subscriber) ===== -->
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<text x="380" y="396" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b" font-size="10">Without .channel, events push directly to the requesting client</text>
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08_todo_tasks/main.c Normal file
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#include <mach.h>
#include <sqlite.h>
#include <tailwind.h>
config mach() {
return (config) {
.resources = {
{"home", "/",
.get = {
reroute("todos")
}
},
{"todos", "/todos",
.get = {
query(
{.set_key = "todos",
.db = "todos_db",
.query =
"SELECT id, title, done, created_at "
"FROM todos ORDER BY created_at DESC;"
},
{.set_key = "stats",
.db = "todos_db",
.query =
"SELECT total, done FROM stats WHERE id = 1;"
}
),
render(
"<html>"
"<head>"
"<title>MACH Tasks Demo</title>"
"{{> tailwind_script}}"
"</head>"
"<body class='bg-gray-50 min-h-screen p-8'>"
"<div class='max-w-lg mx-auto'>"
"<h1 class='text-2xl font-bold mb-1'>Todos</h1>"
"{{#stats}}"
"<p class='text-sm text-gray-500 mb-4'>"
"{{done}} of {{total}} done"
"</p>"
"{{/stats}}"
"<form method='POST' class='flex gap-2 mb-6'>"
"<input name='title' placeholder='What needs doing?'"
" class='flex-1 border rounded px-3 py-2' required>"
"<button class='bg-blue-600 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded'>"
"Add"
"</button>"
"</form>"
"{{#todos}}"
"<div class='flex items-center gap-3 py-2 border-b'>"
"<form method='POST' action='{{url:todo:id}}'>"
"<input type='hidden' name='http_method' value='put'>"
"{{#done}}"
"<button class='text-green-600'>&#10003;</button>"
"{{/done}}"
"{{^done}}"
"<button class='text-gray-300 hover:text-green-600'>&#9675;</button>"
"{{/done}}"
"</form>"
"{{#done}}"
"<span class='flex-1 line-through text-gray-400'>{{title}}</span>"
"{{/done}}"
"{{^done}}"
"<span class='flex-1'>{{title}}</span>"
"{{/done}}"
"<form method='POST' action='{{url:todo:id}}'>"
"<input type='hidden' name='http_method' value='delete'>"
"<button class='text-red-400 hover:text-red-600 text-sm'>"
"&#10005;"
"</button>"
"</form>"
"</div>"
"{{/todos}}"
"{{^todos}}"
"<p class='text-gray-400 italic'>No todos yet.</p>"
"{{/todos}}"
"<a href='/activity' class='inline-block mt-6 text-sm text-blue-600 underline'>"
"View worker activity log &#8594;"
"</a>"
"</div>"
"</body>"
"</html>"
)
},
.post = {
validate({"title",
.validation = validate_not_empty,
.message = "Title cannot be empty"
}),
query({
.db = "todos_db",
.query =
"INSERT INTO todos(title) VALUES({{title}});"
}),
query({"recount",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
task("log_created"),
redirect("todos")
}
},
{"todo", "/todos/:id", {
validate({"id",
.validation = validate_positive,
.message = "Invalid id"
})},
.put = {
query({
.db = "todos_db",
.query =
"UPDATE todos "
"SET done = CASE WHEN done = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END "
"WHERE id = {{id}};"
}),
query({"recount",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
task("log_toggled"),
redirect("todos")
},
.delete = {
query({
.db = "todos_db",
.query =
"DELETE FROM todos WHERE id = {{id}};"
}),
query({"recount",
.db = "todos_db"
}),
task("log_deleted"),
redirect("todos")
}
},
{"activity", "/activity",
.get = {
query({
.set_key = "logs",
.db = "todos_db",
.query =
"SELECT action, detail, ran_at "
"FROM activity_log ORDER BY ran_at DESC LIMIT 50;"
}),
render(
"<html>"
"<head>"
"<title>Worker Activity</title>"
"{{> tailwind_script}}"
"</head>"
"<body class='bg-gray-50 min-h-screen p-8'>"
"<div class='max-w-lg mx-auto'>"
"<h1 class='text-2xl font-bold mb-1'>Worker Activity</h1>"
"<p class='text-sm text-gray-500 mb-4'>"
"Task executions from the worker reactor"
"</p>"
"<a href='/todos'"
" class='inline-block mb-4 text-sm text-blue-600 underline'>"
"&#8592; Back to todos"
"</a>"
"{{#logs}}"
"<div class='flex items-baseline gap-2 py-2 border-b text-sm'>"
"<span class='font-mono text-purple-700 shrink-0'>{{action}}</span>"
"<span class='text-gray-600 flex-1'>{{detail}}</span>"
"<span class='text-gray-400 shrink-0'>{{ran_at}}</span>"
"</div>"
"{{/logs}}"
"{{^logs}}"
"<p class='text-gray-400 italic'>No activity yet.</p>"
"{{/logs}}"
"</div>"
"</body>"
"</html>"
)
}
}
},
.context = {
{"recount",
"UPDATE stats SET "
"total = (SELECT count(*) FROM todos),"
"done = (SELECT count(*) FROM todos WHERE done = 1),"
"updated_at = datetime('now') "
"WHERE id = 1;"
}
},
.errors = {
{http_bad_request, {
render(
"<html>"
"<head>"
"<title>Error</title>"
"{{> tailwind_script}}"
"</head>"
"<body class='bg-gray-50 p-8'>"
"<div class='max-w-lg mx-auto'>"
"<p class='text-red-600 mb-4'>{{error_message:title}}</p>"
"<a href='/todos' class='text-blue-600 underline'>&#8592; Back</a>"
"</div>"
"</body>"
"</html>"
)
}}
},
.tasks = {
{"log_created", {
query({
.db = "todos_db",
.query =
"INSERT INTO activity_log(action, detail) "
"VALUES('created', 'added: {{title}}');"
})},
.accepts = {"title"}
},
{"log_toggled", {
query({
.db = "todos_db",
.query =
"INSERT INTO activity_log(action, detail) "
"VALUES('toggled', 'toggled todo #{{id}}');"
})},
.accepts = {"id"}
},
{"log_deleted", {
query({
.db = "todos_db",
.query =
"INSERT INTO activity_log(action, detail) "
"VALUES('deleted', 'removed todo #{{id}}');"
})},
.accepts = {"id"}
},
{"cleanup_stale", {
query(
{.db = "todos_db",
.query =
"UPDATE todos SET done = 1 "
"WHERE done = 0 "
"AND created_at < datetime('now', '-1 hour');"
},
{.db = "todos_db",
.query =
"INSERT INTO activity_log(action, detail) "
"VALUES('cron', 'auto-completed stale todos');"
}
)},
.cron = "* * * * *"
}
},
.databases = {{
.engine = sqlite_db,
.name = "todos_db",
.connect = "file:todos.db?mode=rwc",
.migrations = {
"CREATE TABLE todos ("
"id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,"
"title TEXT NOT NULL,"
"done INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,"
"created_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))"
");",
"CREATE TABLE stats ("
"id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY CHECK (id = 1),"
"total INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,"
"done INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,"
"updated_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))"
");",
"CREATE TABLE activity_log ("
"id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,"
"action TEXT NOT NULL,"
"detail TEXT,"
"ran_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))"
");"
},
.seeds = {
"INSERT INTO todos(title) VALUES"
"('Learn the MACH tasks API'),"
"('Build something cool'),"
"('Ship it');",
"INSERT INTO stats(total, done, updated_at) VALUES"
"(3, 0, datetime('now'));"
}
}},
.modules = {sqlite, tailwind}
};
}

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<rect width="760" height="340" fill="#09080f"/>
<defs>
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<stop offset="0%" stop-color="#8b5cf6"/>
<stop offset="100%" stop-color="#7c3aed"/>
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<style>text{font-family:'JetBrains Mono','Fira Code',monospace}</style>
</defs>
<text x="380" y="28" text-anchor="middle" fill="#e2e8f0" font-size="13" font-weight="700">Database Multi-Tenancy</text>
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<text x="60" y="74" fill="#6b7280" font-size="9" font-weight="600">.databases config</text>
<text x="60" y="96" fill="#c4b5fd" font-size="10">.connect =</text>
<text x="60" y="114" fill="#fcd34d" font-size="10">"file:<tspan fill="#f59e0b" font-weight="700">{{user_id}}</tspan>_todo.db?mode=rwc"</text>
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<polygon points="408,93 398,88 398,98" fill="#64748b"/>
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<text x="428" y="74" fill="#f59e0b" font-size="9" font-weight="600">RUNTIME RESOLUTION</text>
<text x="428" y="96" fill="#94a3b8" font-size="10">user_id from</text>
<text x="428" y="114" fill="#94a3b8" font-size="10">pipeline context</text>
<!-- Three request arrows going down -->
<!-- User alice -->
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<!-- User bob -->
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<text x="130" y="246" text-anchor="middle" fill="#93c5fd" font-size="10">Request: user_id = bob</text>
<!-- User carol -->
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<text x="130" y="300" text-anchor="middle" fill="#93c5fd" font-size="10">Request: user_id = carol</text>
<!-- Arrows to databases -->
<line x1="220" y1="188" x2="398" y2="188" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1"/>
<polygon points="408,188 398,183 398,193" fill="#64748b"/>
<line x1="220" y1="242" x2="398" y2="242" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1"/>
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<line x1="220" y1="296" x2="398" y2="296" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1"/>
<polygon points="408,296 398,291 398,301" fill="#64748b"/>
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<text x="440" y="192" fill="#c4b5fd" font-size="10">file:</text>
<text x="472" y="192" fill="#fcd34d" font-size="10" font-weight="700">alice</text>
<text x="505" y="192" fill="#c4b5fd" font-size="10">_todo.db</text>
<!-- Database: bob -->
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<text x="495" y="246" fill="#c4b5fd" font-size="10">_todo.db</text>
<!-- Database: carol -->
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<text x="472" y="300" fill="#fcd34d" font-size="10" font-weight="700">carol</text>
<text x="505" y="300" fill="#c4b5fd" font-size="10">_todo.db</text>
<!-- DB icons (simple cylinder shapes) -->
<g transform="translate(648, 170)">
<ellipse cx="18" cy="6" rx="18" ry="6" fill="#7c3aed" opacity="0.5"/>
<rect x="0" y="6" width="36" height="24" fill="#7c3aed" opacity="0.3"/>
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</g>
<!-- Footer -->
<text x="380" y="336" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b" font-size="10">One config, per-user databases — Mustache interpolation in .connect at runtime</text>
</svg>
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<text x="50" y="224" fill="#6ee7b7" font-size="10" font-weight="600">Runtime: each request executes a pre-warmed pipeline</text>
<!-- Request arrows -->
<text x="50" y="248" fill="#475569" font-size="9">req →</text>
<rect x="90" y="236" width="80" height="24" rx="4" fill="#1e293b" stroke="#10b981" stroke-width="0.75"/>
<text x="130" y="252" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6ee7b7" font-size="9">pipeline</text>
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<polygon points="192,248 184,244 184,252" fill="#10b981"/>
<text x="200" y="252" fill="#475569" font-size="9">→ response</text>
<text x="320" y="248" fill="#475569" font-size="9">req →</text>
<rect x="360" y="236" width="80" height="24" rx="4" fill="#1e293b" stroke="#10b981" stroke-width="0.75"/>
<text x="400" y="252" text-anchor="middle" fill="#6ee7b7" font-size="9">pipeline</text>
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<polygon points="462,248 454,244 454,252" fill="#10b981"/>
<text x="470" y="252" fill="#475569" font-size="9">→ response</text>
<!-- Footer -->
<text x="380" y="296" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b" font-size="10">Zero per-request compilation — config builds the graph, requests just execute it</text>
</svg>
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
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The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
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author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
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The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
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You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
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For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
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As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
General Public License.
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An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
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Application with the Library. The particular version of the Library
with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
Version".
The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code
for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are
based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
0. Additional Definitions.
As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
General Public License.
"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
of using an interface provided by the Library.
A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
Application with the Library. The particular version of the Library
with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
Version".
The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code
for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are
based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
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If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a
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facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified
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whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
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Corresponding Source.
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be required to provide such information under section 6 of the
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you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany
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You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
Library side by side in a single library together with other library
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Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version
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# MACH
C23 web framework. App = `config mach()` returning `(config){...}` of resources, databases, modules, etc. Each request runs a pipeline of steps over a shared context.
## Guide
A todo app, built one concept at a time. Each step shows only the new pieces; carry forward the previous code.
### 1. A Page
Two resources, each with a GET pipeline. `{{url:name}}` resolves at render time.
```c
#include <mach.h>
config mach(){
return (config) {
.resources = {
{"home", "/",
.get = { render(.template =
"<html><body><h1>Welcome</h1>"
"<a href='{{url:todos}}'>My Todos</a>"
"</body></html>") }
},
{"todos", "/todos",
.get = { render(.template = "<h1>My Todos</h1><p>Nothing yet.</p>") }
}
}
};
}
```
### 2. Show Data
Add SQLite. `query()` stores rows under `todos`; template opens the section to iterate.
```c
#include <sqlite.h>
// inside todos resource:
.get = {
query({.set_key = "todos", .db = "todos_db",
.query = "select id, title from todos;"}),
render(.template =
"<h1>My Todos</h1>"
"<ul>{{#todos}}<li>{{title}}</li>{{/todos}}</ul>")
}
// inside config:
.databases = {{
.engine = sqlite_db,
.name = "todos_db",
.connect = "file:todos.db?mode=rwc",
.migrations = {
"CREATE TABLE todos ("
"id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,"
"title TEXT NOT NULL"
");"
},
.seeds = {"INSERT INTO todos(title) VALUES('Learn MACH');"}
}},
.modules = {sqlite}
```
To fetch two things concurrently, put both items in one `query()`:
```c
query(
{.set_key="todos", .db="todos_db", .query="select id, title from todos;"},
{.set_key="count", .db="todos_db", .query="select count(*) as n from todos;"}
)
```
### 3. Accept Input
`validate()` then `query()` then `redirect()` (POST-redirect-GET). On success, `title` is promoted from `input:title` to app scope and bound as a prepared parameter in the SQL.
```c
.post = {
validate({"title",
.validation = validate_not_empty,
.message = "title cannot be empty"}),
query({.db = "todos_db",
.query = "insert into todos(title) values({{title}});"}),
redirect("todos")
}
```
Add a form to the GET template; `{{input:title}}` repopulates after errors:
```html
<form method='post' action='{{url:todos}}'>
<input name='title' value='{{input:title}}'>
<button>Add</button>
</form>
```
### 4. Handle Errors
`validate()` failure raises `http_bad_request`. A resource-scoped error handler re-enters the GET pipeline with `reroute()`. Both `input:` and `error:` scopes persist through the reroute.
```c
.errors = {
{http_bad_request, { reroute("todos") }}
}
```
Show the error in the template:
```html
<input name='title' value='{{input:title}}'>
{{#error:title}}<span>{{error_message:title}}</span>{{/error:title}}
```
### 5. Nested Data
Fetch parent + children concurrently, `join()` to nest, then enter the parent section to render. Comments live in the same database as todos, so add a migration on the existing `todos_db`.
```c
{"todo", "/todos/:id",
.get = {
validate({"id", .validation = validate_integer,
.message = "must be an integer"}),
query(
{.set_key = "todo", .db = "todos_db",
.query = "select id, title from todos where id = {{id}};"},
{.set_key = "comments", .db = "todos_db",
.query = "select id, todo_id, body from comments where todo_id = {{id}};"}
),
join(
.target_table_key = "todo",
.target_field_key = "id",
.nested_table_key = "comments",
.nested_field_key = "todo_id",
.target_join_field_key = "comments"
),
render(.template =
"{{#todo}}"
"<h1>{{title}}</h1>"
"<ul>{{#comments}}<li>{{body}}</li>{{/comments}}</ul>"
"{{/todo}}")
}
}
```
After `join()`, `comments` lives INSIDE each `todo` record. Reach it from within `{{#todo}}`. Iterating `{{#comments}}` at root after a join renders nothing.
### 6. Tasks
Tasks run async on task reactors. Trigger with `task("name")` or via `.cron`. Same task can be both. Tasks are durable — the process can crash mid-task and resume at the failed step on next boot.
```c
// in POST pipeline:
.post = {
validate({...}),
query({...}),
task("record_daily_stats"),
redirect("todos")
}
// at config level:
.tasks = {
{"record_daily_stats", {
query({.db = "todos_db",
.query = "insert into daily_stats(todo_count) "
"select count(*) from todos;"})
}, .cron = "0 0 * * *"}
}
```
If the task needs caller context, list keys under `.accepts`:
```c
{"recount_for_user", {
query({.db="db", .query="update users set ... where id = {{user_id}};"})
}, .accepts = {"user_id"}}
```
### 7. Modules & Events
Modules are `.c` files with a function returning `config`. They have their own resources, databases, migrations, tasks, and event subscribers. They communicate ONLY through pub/sub events, never direct calls. `main.c` includes them and registers under `.modules`.
```
.
├── todos/todos.c // config todos() { ... }
├── activity/activity.c // config activity() { ... }
└── main.c
```
**`main.c`** — includes module sources, registers them.
```c
#include <mach.h>
#include <sqlite.h>
#include "todos/todos.c"
#include "activity/activity.c"
config mach(){
return (config){
.resources = {{"home", "/", .get = { render(.template = "<h1>Welcome</h1>") }}},
.modules = {todos, activity, sqlite}
};
}
```
**Publisher** declares `.publishes` and calls `emit()`:
```c
config todos(){
return (config){
.name = "todos",
.publishes = {{"todo_created", .with = {"title"}}},
.resources = {
{"todos", "/todos",
.post = {
validate({"title", .validation = validate_not_empty}),
query({.db = "todos_db",
.query = "insert into todos(title) values({{title}});"}),
emit("todo_created"),
redirect("todos")
}
}
}
// ... databases, etc.
};
}
```
**Subscriber** declares an `.events` entry. The published keys (`title`) arrive in context.
```c
config activity(){
return (config){
.name = "activity",
.events = {
{"todo_created", {
query({.db = "activity_db",
.query = "insert into activities(kind, ref) "
"values('created', {{title}});"})
}}
}
// ... own database, own resources
};
}
```
When `.publishes` exists anywhere, MACH creates a `mach_events` database and tracks delivery; undelivered events replay on next boot.
### 8. External Assets
Once templates and SQL grow, extract them into files. Embed with `(asset){#embed "file"}` in `.context`, then reference by name from `render()`, `query()`, `find()`. `.migrations` accepts assets directly.
```
todos/
├── todos.c
├── todos_list.mustache.html
├── get_todos.sql
├── create_todo.sql
└── create_todos_table.sql
```
**`todos/get_todos.sql`**
```sql
select id, title from todos;
```
**`todos/todos.c`** (excerpt)
```c
.resources = {
{"todos", "/todos",
.get = { query({"get_todos", .set_key = "todos", .db = "todos_db"}),
render("todos_list") },
.post = { validate({"title", .validation = validate_not_empty}),
query({"create_todo", .db = "todos_db"}),
redirect("todos") }
}
},
.context = {
{"todos_list", (asset){#embed "todos_list.mustache.html"}},
{"get_todos", (asset){#embed "get_todos.sql"}},
{"create_todo",(asset){#embed "create_todo.sql"}}
},
.databases = {{
.engine = sqlite_db,
.name = "todos_db",
.connect = "file:todos.db?mode=rwc",
.migrations = {(asset){#embed "create_todos_table.sql"}}
}}
```
SQL `{{interpolation}}` works the same as inline.
### 9. External Data
`fetch()` makes an HTTP request and stores the response. JSON parses into tables/records (nested JSON → nested context tables); plain text stores as a string.
```c
.get = {
fetch("https://api.quotable.io/random", .set_key = "quote"),
render("home")
}
```
The Quotable API returns `{"author":"...","content":"..."}`, parsed into a single-row table under `quote`. Template opens the section:
```html
{{#quote}}<blockquote>{{content}} — {{author}}</blockquote>{{/quote}}
```
Multiple items in one `fetch()` run concurrently. `fetch()` supports POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE, custom headers, JSON or text bodies, and `{{interpolation}}` in the URL. See [fetch](#fetch) below.
---
## Reference
### Notation
- `{}` — single value or struct: `.get = { ... }`
- `{{}}` — array of structs: `.databases = {{ ... }}`
- Multiple elements: `.databases = {{...}, {...}}`
- Multiple step items: `query({...}, {...})`
### Context
Pipelines read/write a per-request scoped key-value store. Three scopes:
- `input:xxx` — raw request parameters
- `error:xxx` — validation/error data
- (unprefixed) — app scope: query results, validated inputs, `.context` values
`validate()` promotes from `input:` to app scope. Docker secrets are available in context.
`.context` seeds variables and assets at the root. Assets baked at compile time with `(asset){#embed "file"}`.
```c
.context = {
{"site_name", "MACH App"},
{"layout", (asset){#embed "static/layout.mustache.html"}},
{"get_todos", (asset){#embed "todos/get_todos.sql"}}
}
```
### Databases
Migrations are forward-only, index-based, applied once each in array order, tracked in `mach_meta`. Seeds are idempotent. Multi-tenant via `{{interpolation}}` in `.connect`; connections pooled with LRU eviction.
```c
.databases = {{
.engine = sqlite_db,
.name = "blog_db",
.connect = "file:{{user_id}}_blog.db?mode=rwc",
.migrations = {
"CREATE TABLE blogs (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, title TEXT NOT NULL);",
"CREATE TABLE comments ("
"id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,"
"blog_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES blogs(id),"
"body TEXT NOT NULL"
");"
},
.seeds = {"INSERT OR IGNORE INTO blogs(id, title) VALUES(1, 'Hello');"}
}}
```
**One database per domain, many tables.** Related tables (`blogs`, `comments`) go as separate migrations on the same database.
**Engines:** `sqlite_db`, `postgres_db`, `mysql_db`, `redis_db`, `duckdb_db`
### Resource Pipelines
Each `.resources` entry is a named URL endpoint. Identified by name in `{{url:name}}`, `redirect()`, `reroute()` with colon-separated positional args (`name:arg1:arg2`). Args fill `:params` in the URL pattern in order. Args can be literals or context keys.
- `{{url:todos}}` → `/todos`
- `{{url:todo:5}}` → `/todos/5` (literal)
- `{{url:todo:id}}` → reads `id` from current scope
- `{{url:org_todo:acme:5}}` → fills multiple `:params`
Path specificity is automatic: `/todos/active` beats `/todos/:id`. Verb selection: HTTP method, or `?http_method=...` parameter (lets HTML forms reach PATCH/DELETE/SSE).
**Fields:**
- `.name` *(pos)* — identifier
- `.url` *(pos)* — pattern with `:params`
- `.steps` *(pos)* — shared steps run before every verb pipeline (middleware slot)
- `.mime` — default response content type
- `.get .post .put .patch .delete` — verb pipelines (arrays of steps)
- `.sse` — persistent SSE channel; first positional is channel name with `{{interpolation}}`
- `.errors` — terminal handlers keyed by error code
- `.repairs` — resumable handlers keyed by error code
Example:
```c
{"todo", "/todos/:id", {
validate({"id", .validation = "^\\d+$", .message = "must be a number"})
},
.mime = mime_html,
.get = { find({"get_todo", .set_key = "todo", .db = "todos_db"}),
render("todo") },
.patch = { validate({"title", .validation = validate_not_empty, .message = "required"}),
query({.db = "todos_db",
.query = "update todos set title = {{title}} where id = {{id}};"}),
redirect("todo:{{id}}") },
.delete = { query({.db = "todos_db",
.query = "delete from todos where id = {{id}};"}),
redirect("todos") },
.sse = {"todo/{{id}}", sse(.event = "ready") },
.errors = {{http_not_found, { render("404") }}}
}
```
**MIME types:** `mime_html`, `mime_txt`, `mime_sse`, `mime_json`, `mime_js`
### Template Helpers
`{{helper:args}}`, positional, colon-separated. Each arg is a literal or a context key.
| Helper | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|
| `{{raw:field}}` | emit without HTML-escape (default escapes) | `<div>{{raw:body_html}}</div>` |
| `{{precision:field:N}}` | numeric format with N decimals | `${{precision:total:2}}` |
| `{{input:field}}` | raw request param (for repopulating forms) | `<input value='{{input:title}}'>` |
| `{{error:field}}` | truthy when field has an error (use as section) | `{{#error:title}}!{{/error:title}}` |
| `{{error_message:field}}` | the validation/error message string | `<span>{{error_message:title}}</span>` |
| `{{error_code:field}}` | HTTP status code for the field error | `{{error_code:title}}` |
| `{{url:name[:args]}}` | resource URL by name with positional args | `<a href='{{url:todo:id}}'>...</a>` |
| `{{asset:filename}}` | cache-busted URL for `public/` file | `<link href='{{asset:styles.css}}'>` |
| `{{csrf:token}}` | CSRF token (for query strings); sets cookie | `?csrf={{csrf:token}}` |
| `{{csrf:input}}` | hidden `<input>` carrying CSRF token | `<form>{{csrf:input}}...</form>` |
CSRF verification is automatic: MACH compares the incoming token to the cookie (httponly/secure/samesite) and returns 403 on mismatch. Just emit `{{csrf:token}}` or `{{csrf:input}}`.
### Pipeline Steps
Every step accepts `.if_context` and `.unless_context` for conditional execution.
#### validate
Regex-checks request parameters. On success, promotes `input:name` to app scope. On failure, sets `error:name` and raises `http_bad_request`. All validations in one call complete before the error fires (so all errors are available together). Define your own macros: `#define validate_zipcode "^\\d{5}$"`.
- `.param_key` *(pos)* — name of param
- `.validation` — regex string or built-in macro
- `.message` — human-readable error
- `.optional` — skip when param absent
- `.fallback` — default when param absent
```c
validate(
{"email", .validation = validate_email, .message = "must be a valid email"},
{"title", .validation = validate_not_empty, .message = "cannot be empty"},
{"page", .fallback = "1",
.validation = "^\\d+$", .message = "must be a number"},
{"filter", .optional = true,
.validation = "^(active|done)$", .message = "must be active or done"}
)
```
**Built-in validators:**
- Strings: `validate_not_empty`, `validate_alpha`, `validate_alphanumeric`, `validate_slug`, `validate_no_html`
- Numbers: `validate_integer`, `validate_positive`, `validate_float`, `validate_percentage`
- Identity: `validate_email`, `validate_uuid`, `validate_username`
- Dates: `validate_date`, `validate_time`, `validate_datetime`
- Web: `validate_url`, `validate_ipv4`, `validate_hex_color`
- Codes: `validate_zipcode_us`, `validate_phone_e164`, `validate_cron`
- Security: `validate_no_sqli`, `validate_token`, `validate_base64`
- Boolean: `validate_boolean`, `validate_yes_no`, `validate_on_off`
#### find & query
Both run database queries. **`find()` raises `http_not_found` on zero rows; `query()` does not.** Otherwise identical.
`.set_key` stores result as a TABLE in context (always — even single-row results). Templates open the table as a section to access fields. SQL is either inlined with `.query` OR loaded by name from `.context` as the positional. Multiple items in one step run **concurrently**. Interpolated `{{values}}` are bound as prepared-statement parameters. For transactions, use `BEGIN`/`COMMIT`/`ROLLBACK` in your queries.
- `.template_key` *(pos)* — SQL asset name in `.context` (mutually exclusive with `.query`)
- `.query` — inline SQL string with `{{interpolation}}` (mutually exclusive with positional)
- `.set_key` — context key for result table
- `.db` — database name from `.databases`
- `.if_context` / `.unless_context` *(per item)* — conditionally include while others run concurrently
```c
query(
{"get_todos", .set_key = "todos", .db = "todos_db"},
{.set_key = "count", .db = "todos_db",
.query = "select count(*) as n from todos where user_id = {{user_id}};"},
{.if_context = "show_urgent", .set_key = "urgent", .db = "todos_db",
.query = "select id, title from todos where priority = 'high';"}
)
```
#### join
Nests records from one context table into each matching record of another. After `join()`, the inner records live INSIDE each outer record. Templates must enter the outer section to reach the nested data — `{{#comments}}` at root after a join is empty.
- `.target_table_key` — outer table receiving children
- `.target_field_key` — outer field to match
- `.nested_table_key` — inner table to nest
- `.nested_field_key` — inner field that points to outer
- `.target_join_field_key` — new field on outer holding matched inner records
```c
join(
.target_table_key = "blog",
.target_field_key = "id",
.nested_table_key = "comments",
.nested_field_key = "blog_id",
.target_join_field_key = "comments"
)
```
Pattern is concurrent `query()` → `join()` → `render()`:
```c
query(
{.set_key="blog", .db="blog_db", .query="select id, title from blogs where id = {{id}};"},
{.set_key="comments", .db="blog_db", .query="select id, blog_id, body from comments where blog_id = {{id}};"}
),
join(
.target_table_key="blog", .target_field_key="id",
.nested_table_key="comments", .nested_field_key="blog_id",
.target_join_field_key="comments"
),
render(.template =
"{{#blog}}"
"<h1>{{title}}</h1>"
"<ul>{{#comments}}<li>{{body}}</li>{{/comments}}</ul>"
"{{/blog}}")
```
Context shape:
```
after query(): { blog: [{id,title}], comments: [{id,blog_id,body}, ...] }
after join(): { blog: [{id,title, comments: [{id,blog_id,body}, ...]}] }
```
#### fetch
HTTP request → context. JSON parsed into tables/records; text stored as string.
- `.url` *(pos)* — URL with `{{interpolation}}`
- `.set_key` — context key for response
- `.method` — defaults `http_get`
- `.headers` — array of `{name, value}` pairs
- `.json` — context key serialized as JSON request body
- `.text` — context key sent as plain-text body
```c
fetch("https://api.payments.dev/charge",
.set_key = "receipt",
.method = http_post,
.headers = {
{"Authorization", "Bearer {{api_key}}"},
{"Idempotency-Key", "{{order_id}}"}
},
.json = "order"
)
```
**HTTP methods:** `http_get`, `http_post`, `http_put`, `http_patch`, `http_delete`, `http_sse_method`
#### exec
Calls a C function or block with imperative access to context. Dispatched to shared thread pool (releases reactor); pipeline resumes on original reactor when done. Use for blocking I/O or CPU work. Trigger an error pipeline from inside via `error_set()`.
- *Block* *(pos)* — inline block
- `.call` — named C function
```c
exec(^(){
auto t = get("challengers");
record_set(table_get(t, 0), "opponent_id",
record_get(table_get(t, 1), "id"));
})
exec(.call = assign_opponents)
```
**Imperative API** (in exec blocks/functions):
- Context: `get(name)`, `set(name, value)`, `has(name)`, `format(fmt)`
- Memory: `allocate(bytes)`, `defer_free(ptr)`
- Errors: `error_set(name, err)`, `error_get(name)`, `error_has(name)`
- Tables: `table_new()`, `table_count(t)`, `table_get(t, i)`, `table_add(t, r)`, `table_remove(t, r)`, `table_remove_at(t, i)`
- Records: `record_new()`, `record_set(r, name, value)`, `record_get(r, name)`, `record_remove(r, name)`
#### emit
Triggers a pub/sub event. Subscribers in other modules react via their `.events` pipelines.
- *Event name* *(pos)*
```c
emit("todo_created")
```
#### task
Enqueues a named job in the task database; calling pipeline continues immediately.
- *Task name* *(pos)*
```c
task("recount_todos")
```
#### sse
Pushes a Server-Sent Event. With `.channel`, broadcasts. Without, sent to requesting client only.
- `.channel` *(pos)* — broadcast channel with `{{interpolation}}`
- `.event` — SSE `event:` line
- `.data` — array of strings (one per `data:` line)
- `.comment` — `:` comment line (keep-alives)
```c
sse(
.channel = "todos/{{user_id}}",
.event = "todo_updated",
.data = {"id: {{todo_id}}", "title: {{title}}"},
.comment = "broadcast at {{timestamp}}"
)
```
#### ds_sse
Datastar-formatted SSE; provided by `datastar` module. Pushes DOM updates and reactive state. Without channel goes to requesting client; with channel broadcasts.
- `.channel` *(pos)* — broadcast channel
- `.target` — DOM element id
- `.mode` — fragment insertion mode
- `.elements` — render_config (positional is asset name, supports `.template`, `.engine`)
- `.signals` — JSON updating Datastar reactive state
- `.js` — JS snippet evaluated on client
```c
ds_sse("todos/{{user_id}}",
.target = "todo-list",
.mode = mode_prepend,
.elements = {"todo_row"},
.signals = "{\"count\": {{count}}}",
.js = "window.scrollTo(0, 0)"
)
```
**Modes:** `mode_outer`, `mode_inner`, `mode_replace`, `mode_prepend`, `mode_append`, `mode_before`, `mode_after`, `mode_remove`
#### render
Outputs a Mustache template. Auto-escapes by default (`{{raw:field}}` to opt out).
Fields:
- `.template_key` *(pos)* — asset name in `.context`
- `.template` — inline Mustache string
- `.status` — HTTP status (default `http_ok`)
- `.mime` — override content type
- `.engine` — `mustache` (default) or `mdm` (Markdown-with-Mustache)
- `.json_table_key` — context table to serialize as JSON response (sets `application/json`; nested tables produce nested JSON)
```c
render("todos")
render(.template = "<h1>{{site_name}}</h1>")
render("not_found", .status = http_not_found)
render(.engine = mdm, .template = "# Welcome, {{user_name}}")
render(.json_table_key = "todos")
```
**HTTP statuses:** `http_ok` (200), `http_created` (201), `http_redirect` (302), `http_bad_request` (400), `http_not_authorized` (401), `http_not_found` (404), `http_error` (500)
**MIME types:** `mime_html`, `mime_txt`, `mime_sse`, `mime_json`, `mime_js`
#### headers & cookies
Set response headers/cookies. Values support `{{interpolation}}`.
```c
headers({{"X-Request-Id", "{{request_id}}"}, {"Cache-Control", "no-store"}})
cookies({{"session", "{{session_id}}"}})
```
#### redirect & reroute
`redirect()` — 302 to client (browser navigates). `reroute()` — server-side re-enter the router, run another resource's pipeline within the same request. Both take a resource identifier `name[:arg1:arg2...]`. Args can be literals or context keys with `{{interpolation}}`.
```c
redirect("todos") // 302 /todos
redirect("todo:5") // 302 /todos/5
redirect("todo:{{id}}") // 302 /todos/{id from context}
redirect("org_todo:acme:5") // 302 /orgs/acme/todos/5
reroute("todo:{{id}}") // run pipeline in-process
```
#### nest
Group steps for a single shared `.if_context` / `.unless_context`.
```c
nest({query({...}), emit("urgent_todo"), render("urgent")},
.if_context = "is_urgent")
```
### Conditionals
Every step accepts `.if_context` (run when key present) and `.unless_context` (run when absent). Works on validated inputs, query results, framework flags (`is_htmx`), or flags set from `exec()`.
```c
render("fragment", .if_context = "is_htmx")
render("full_page", .unless_context = "is_htmx")
// multi-state: set flag in exec, then key off it:
exec(.call = classify_todo),
render("urgent_confirmation", .if_context = "is_urgent"),
render("standard_confirmation", .unless_context = "is_urgent")
```
### Error and Repair Pipelines
On failure, MACH searches handlers bottom-up: resource → module → root.
- **Errors** are terminal: send a response, end request.
- **Repairs** are resumable: fix context, then resume original pipeline at the step after the failure.
If no matching repair, falls through to errors. The `error` scope is shared across `validate()` and `error_set()`: `{{error:name}}`, `{{error_code:name}}`, `{{error_message:name}}`. Raw input remains in `input:name`.
```c
.errors = {
{http_not_found, { render("404") }},
{http_bad_request, { render("form") }},
{http_error, { render("500") }}
},
.repairs = {
{http_not_authorized, { exec(.call = refresh_session_token) }}
}
```
**Built-in error codes:** `http_ok` (200), `http_created` (201), `http_redirect` (302), `http_bad_request` (400), `http_not_authorized` (401), `http_not_found` (404), `http_error` (500). Any int works; `#define err_quota_exceeded 723` for domain-specific.
### Event Pipelines
Internal pub/sub for cross-module communication. Publisher doesn't know subscribers; subscribers don't know publishers. Adding a subscriber = new module with `.events`; publisher unchanged.
When `.publishes` is defined anywhere, MACH creates `mach_events` to track delivery. Crashes don't drop events — replayed on next boot.
- `.publishes` — outbound contracts: `.event` name, `.with` keys to pass
- `.events` — subscriber pipelines keyed by event name
```c
// publisher
config todos(){
return (config){
.name = "todos",
.publishes = {
{"todo_created", .with = {"user_id", "title"}},
{"todo_deleted", .with = {"user_id", "todo_id"}}
},
.resources = {
{"todos", "/todos",
.post = {
validate({"title", .validation = validate_not_empty}),
query({"insert_todo", .db = "todos_db"}),
emit("todo_created"),
redirect("todos")
}
}
}
};
}
// subscriber
config activity(){
return (config){
.name = "activity",
.events = {
{"todo_created", {
query({.db = "activity_db",
.query = "insert into activities(kind, user_id, ref) "
"values('created', {{user_id}}, {{title}});"})
}}
}
};
}
```
### Task Pipelines
Named pipelines that run async on task reactors. Fire-and-forget. Defined at module or root level. Triggered with `task("name")` or via `.cron`. Tasks can enqueue more tasks.
Durable: `mach_tasks` database checkpoints context after each step. Crash mid-task → resumes at the failed step.
- `.name` *(pos)* — identifier called via `task("name")`
- `.accepts` — context keys to pull from caller into the task
- `.cron` — standard cron schedule (no caller required)
- *Steps* *(pos)* — pipeline body, second positional brace block
```c
.tasks = {
// on-demand
{"recount_todos", {
query({.db = "todos_db",
.query = "update users set todo_count = "
"(select count(*) from todos where user_id = users.id) "
"where id = {{user_id}};"})
}, .accepts = {"user_id"}},
// recurring
{"daily_digest", {
query({.db = "todos_db",
.query = "insert into digest_reports(generated_at) values(now());"}),
emit("digest_ready")
}, .cron = "0 8 * * *"}
}
```
### Modules & Composition
Every app and module returns a `config`. Root `main.c` defines `mach()`; modules define their own functions with any name. A module owns its resources, databases, migrations, templates, event contracts. **Same-name conflicts: root wins.** Modules communicate ONLY through pub/sub events, never direct calls.
- `.name` — module identifier
- `.modules` — other modules to compose (root or nested)
A module file:
```c
#include <mach.h>
#include <sqlite.h>
config blogs(){
return (config){
.name = "blogs",
.resources = {
{"blog", "/blogs/:id",
.get = { /* validate → query → join → render */ }
}
},
.databases = {{
.engine = sqlite_db,
.name = "blog_db",
.connect = "file:blogs.db?mode=rwc",
.migrations = {
"CREATE TABLE blogs (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, title TEXT NOT NULL, content TEXT NOT NULL);",
"CREATE TABLE comments (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, blog_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES blogs(id), body TEXT NOT NULL);"
}
}}
};
}
```
Bring it in from `main.c`:
```c
#include <mach.h>
#include "blogs/blogs.c"
config mach(){ return (config){ .modules = {blogs, sqlite} }; }
```
Resource fields like `.url`, `.mime`, `.get` belong INSIDE entries of `.resources`, not at the top level of `config`.
Project layout:
```
├── todos/
│ ├── todos.c
│ ├── todos.mustache.html
│ ├── create_todos_table.sql
│ └── get_todos.sql
├── activity/
│ └── activity.c
├── static/ # root-level templates (not a module — no .c)
│ └── home.mustache.html
├── public/ # static files served directly
│ └── favicon.png
└── main.c
```
**Bundled modules** (add to `.modules`): `sqlite`, `postgres`, `mysql`, `redis`, `duckdb`, `htmx`, `datastar`, `tailwind`, `session_auth`
**Module-provided steps** ship from modules and plug into pipelines like built-ins. `session_auth` provides:
- `session()` — attaches current session to context (sets `user_id`, etc.); no-op when unauthenticated
- `logged_in()` — guard, raises `http_not_authorized` if no session
- `login()`, `logout()`, `signup()` — for POST pipelines
Common as resource-level middleware via `.steps`:
```c
{"dashboard", "/dashboard", {session(), logged_in()},
.get = { render("dashboard") }
}
```
### Static Files
Files in `public/` at project root served directly. Reference with `{{asset:filename}}` — resolves to a content-checksummed URL with immutable cache headers.
```
public/
├── favicon.png
├── logo.png
└── styles.css
```
```html
<link rel="icon" href="{{asset:favicon.png}}">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{asset:styles.css}}">
<script src="{{asset:app.js}}"></script>
```
### External Dependencies
Containerized dev environment; no local toolchain. Two ways to bring in third-party C libs, plus two memory bridges.
**`/vendor` directory** — drop in headers and `.so`/`.a`; auto-compiler discovers, includes, links.
```
/vendor/
├── libsodium.h
└── libsodium.so
```
**Custom Dockerfile** — inherit from MACH base image, `apt-get` system deps; reference from `compose.yml`.
```dockerfile
FROM mach:latest
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y libsodium-dev
```
**`allocate(bytes)`** — buffer from pipeline arena, reclaimed on request completion.
```c
char *buf = allocate(256);
```
**`defer_free(ptr)`** — schedule cleanup for pointers from external libs (`malloc`, etc.) when arena is released.
```c
char *out = third_party_alloc(256);
defer_free(out);
```
---
## Critical Rules
Read these before writing any code. Most bugs come from breaking one of these.
1. **SQL `{{values}}` are bound as prepared-statement parameters, never spliced.** Same for `find()`. No SQL injection possible; do not pre-quote values.
2. **`query()` / `find()` items take positional asset name OR `.query`, never both.**
- ✅ `query({"get_todos", .set_key="todos", .db="db"})` (loads SQL from `.context`)
- ✅ `query({.set_key="todos", .db="db", .query="select ..."})` (inline)
- Combining the two is rejected at boot.
3. **Concurrency = multiple items in ONE step.** `query({a},{b})` runs in parallel. Two `query({a})` `query({b})` steps run serially.
4. **MACH doesn't support Mustache dot notation. Don't use it, period.**
Don't (dot notation):
```html
<div id="blog">
<p>{{#blog.title}}</p>
<p>{{#blog.content}}</p>
</div>
```
Do (When using a # iteration/section block it changes the context of the fields within the block to be scoped to the section):
```html
{{#blog}}
<!-- blog is now in scope, all keys will be blog.* or root keys -->
<div id="blog">
<!-- here is how we access blog.title -->
<p>{{title}}</p>
<!-- here is how we access blog.content -->
<p>{{content}}</p>
</div>
{{/blog}}
```
Don't (repeated section opens):
```html
<div id="blog">
<p>{{#blog}}{{title}}{{/blog}}</p>
<p>{{#blog}}{{content}}{{/blog}}</p>
</div>
```
5. **No `malloc`/`free`, no threads, no mutexes.** Per-request arena handles memory; framework handles concurrency. For external buffers: `allocate(bytes)` and `defer_free(ptr)`.
6. **Resource-based, not route-based.** Resources are referenced by NAME (`{{url:todos}}`, `redirect("todo:5")`, `reroute("todos")`), not by path.